taiping rebellion primary sourcestaiping rebellion primary sources

This collection is sourced from collections at American and Canadian libraries including the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem. Most of the Taiping princes were executed. [78] Just before his execution, Taiping Loyal King Li Xiucheng advised the Qing to buy, and to learn how to replicate, the best foreign cannon and gun carriages to prepare for war with foreign powers. Western? [114] Western assistance for the Qing was also driven by the fear that a successful rebellion would lead to a stronger China able to resist Western power.[119]. The Eastern King lived in the neighbourhood of Guiping (xian), and depended for his existence on the sale of firewood and charcoal. in active transport quizlet. dominions so stretched out that local uprisings were always a problem. The younger Hong was inexperienced and powerless, so the kingdom was quickly destroyed when Nanjing fell in July 1864 to the imperial armies after protracted street-by-street fighting. rebellion cost more than twenty million lives (twice that of World War

[78], The rebels also manufactured weapons, and imported manufacturing equipment. "[105], Famine, disease, massacres, and social disruption led to a sharp decline in population, especially in the Yangtze delta region. Li Bo's Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom takes place within the Taiping capital at Nanjing.[112].

Though the destruction of idols was initially welcomed by foreign missionaries, missionaries eventually came to fear the zealotry of the Taiping that they had a hand in creating. He not only refrained from taking any active part in the government but he did not even engage anyone to look after matters, hence each man carried on his own work, and things went on the same as usual .

The landowning upper class, unsettled by the Taiping ideology and the policy of strict separation of the sexes, even for married couples, sided with government forces. Zeng Guofan had initially failed so badly that he attempted suicide, but he then adopted the teachings of the 16th century Ming-dynasty general Qi Jiguang. Qing forces were reorganised under the command of Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, and the Qing reconquest began in earnest. The peasants, having suffered floods and famines in the The Hakka settled throughout southern China and beyond, but as latecomers they generally had to establish their communities on rugged, less fertile land scattered on the fringes of the local majority group's settlements. The uprising was commanded by Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka (a Han subgroup) and the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. The work has its original cover and book label, on which the title is given: Qin ding ying jie gui zhen (Heroes return to the truth, issued by imperial order). In Hunan, a local irregular army called the Xiang Army or Hunan Army, under the personal leadership of Zeng Guofan, became the main armed force fighting for the Qing against the Taiping. (1861) Ying Jie Gui Zhen. As the land Jiangning was designated a province in the 25th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing dynasty (1760). [73] According to historian Prescott Clarke, Westerners in China became separated into two different groups in regards to their views on the rebellion, with one side depicting the rebels as mere robbers whose intention was to gather wealth through revolting against the Qing, and the other side depicting the rebel army as religious fanatics provoked by skillful leaders to fight against the Qing to the death. The rebels were relatively well-equipped with modern weapons. Gathering followers first from the poor and

Sources of the Taiping Rebellion: The Deposition of Li Xiucheng The Greater China Journal China, chinese history, imperial China, Qing Dynasty Sources of the The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war fought in China between the Taiping rebels and the Qing Dynasty, beginning in 1851 and lasting until 1864. J. Chappell (2018). system. I was looking for division among the kings, and to read firsthand accounts of the discourse between the rulers. This tension culminated in the 1856 Tianjing Incident, wherein Yang and his followers were slaughtered by Wei Changhui, Qin Rigang, and their troops on Hong Xiuquan's orders.[48]. and his band of believers had been chosen to conquer China, destroy the WebTest Match Created by ahorne6762 Terms in this set (35) The leader of the Taiping rebellion was Hong Xiuquan. [7] The Taipings established the Heavenly Kingdom as an oppositional state based in Tianjing and gained control of a significant part of southern China, eventually expanding to command a population base of nearly 30 million people. Amy Tan's The Hundred Secret Senses takes place in part during the time of the Taiping Rebellion. When the city fell all came round me with tears in their eyes. The Nanwang was of literary turn of mind and possessed of very good ability. Over the course of the conflict, around 90% of recruits to the Taiping side would be killed or defect.[83]. [32][33][31] In 1847 Hong went to Guangzhou, where he studied the Bible with Issachar Jacox Roberts, an American Baptist missionary.

Oriented with north toward the upper left. It focuses on the history of the cultural and trading relationships that emerged between America, China and the Pacific region between the early 18th and 20th centuries.

[62] After the defeat of the Li Yonghe and Lan Chaoding rebellion in Sichuan, remnants combined with Taiping forces in Shaanxi. Although the fall of Nanjing in 1864 marked the destruction of the Taiping regime, the fight was not yet over. The destruction of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom also meant that the majority of any records it possessed were destroyed, the percentage of records said to have survived is around 10%. In 1863, Shi Dakai surrendered to the Qing near the Sichuan capital Chengdu and was executed by slow-slicing. An April 1862 shipment from an American dealer "well known for their dealings with rebels" included 2,783 (percussion cap) muskets, 66 carbines, 4 rifles, and 895 field artillery guns; the dealer carried passports signed by the Loyal King. Take a look at the catalog record to determine the format available for the dates that you need; you'll see that volumes from 1958 to 1966 are available in microfilm, while volumes from 1967 through 1978 are available in print. Some Taiping veterans joined the Revive China Society,[103] whose Christian members organized short-lived Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun in 1903. Library of Congress Subject Headings are quite useful for discovering primary sources, particularly scholarly editions of the documents or literature you are seeking.

The Qing dynasty remained in power, but it was as weak as ever.

It was also dismissively referred to as the Red Sheep Rebellion () because "Hong-Yang" sounds like "Red Sheep" in Chinese. [44] Shortly thereafter, the Taiping launched concurrent Northern and Western expeditions, in an effort to relieve pressure on Nanjing and achieve significant territorial gains. Furthermore, both made use of foreign ideologies which required translation into Chinese with inevitable modifications in the process.[110].

[114], The government officials of the Western powers were optimistic about the Taiping government's chance of victory in the early stages. The Taiping government maintained an ambivalent relationship with the Western powers who were active in China during this period. Almost every citizen who had not fled the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was given military training and conscripted into the army to fight against Qing imperial forces. They also outlawed the importation of opium into all Taiping territories. [114] Upon visiting the capital, some members of the expedition wrote that "devastation marked our journey" in reference to the conditions in Taiping territories. They were not supported by foreign governments, but they bought modern munitions including firearms, artillery, and ammunition from foreign suppliers. The Europeans decided to stay officially neutral, though European military advisors served with the Qing army. Ethnically, the Taiping army was at the outset formed largely from these groups: the Hakka, a Han Chinese subgroup; the Cantonese, local residents of Guangdong province; and the Zhuang (a non-Han ethnic group). The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society. In his youth, Hong Rengan was a schoolteacher and later learned Western culture and Christian teachings in Shanghai and in Hong Kong. Zeng's Xiang Army proved effective in gradually turning back the Taiping advance in the western theater of the war and ultimately retaking much of Hubei and Jiangxi provinces.

[97] This resulted in a massive civilian flight and death toll with some 600 towns destroyed[98] and other bloody policies resulting. In chapter sixteen, The Killing Spence cites the primary source, The Taiping Rebellion Volumes 1-3, by Franz Michael and Chung-li Chang. These who served Shangdi could not serve other gods, and those who did serve other gods were guilty of sin . [71] Jonathan Spence claimed that a key reason for the Taiping's defeat was its inability to coordinate its rebellion with other rebellions. Pictorial Record of the Qing Dynasty [library subscription]. The following Library of Congress subheadings usually are added to indicate that the material is a primary source: sources, personal narratives, correspondence, Title revised per Asian Division.--cc28 2023-01-06. I, pp. [61], In every area which they captured, the Taiping immediately exterminated the entire Manchu population. If you can find scholarly editions, use them! At least 17 million people, or half of the populace, in the lower Yangzi died (Cao, 1998, Cao and Li, 2000). practiced.

He lived in luxury and had many women in his inner chamber, and often issued religious strictures. [73] Due to the religious aspects of the rebellion, the Taiping government perceived Westerners as "brothers and sisters from overseas".

[79], As early as 1853, foreigners from various countries joined the rebels in combat and administrative roles, and were in a position to observe the Taiping in battle. WebTaiping Rebellion, (185064) Large-scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty and the presence of foreigners in China. In 1859, Hong Rengan, Hong Xiuquan's cousin, joined the Taiping forces in Nanjing and was given considerable power by Hong. The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive civil war in Imperial China between 1850 and 1864. His theology, anti-Qing sentiments, and a deep pool of the socially discontented would lead to the Taiping Rebellion, a devastating blow to Qing power and the deadliest war of the 19th century. Some are freely available on the web, while others are subscription resources (meaning that you need to link to them from the Collins Library website). Thank you for your support! Estimates of the overall size of the Taiping army are around 2,000,000 soldiers.

Since the rebellion began in Guangxi, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. Their Li first served as a common soldier but was later promoted to an administrative post. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, .

lasted for some 14 years (185064), ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20 million

Rebels of the Heavenly Kingdom by Katherine Paterson is a young adult novel set during the Taiping Rebellion. uprisings and they posed a serious challenge to a state weakened [102], The Taiping example of insurgent organization and its mix of Christianity and radical social equality influenced Sun Yat-sen and other future revolutionaries.

But fearing for his life, he departed from Tianjing and headed west towards Sichuan. [10], More colloquially, the Chinese called the Taiping some variant of Long-Hairs (), because they did not shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a queue as Qing subjects were obligated to do, allowing their hair to grow long. There was also a small Taiping Navy, composed of captured boats, that operated along the Yangtze and its tributaries.

In the third passage, Li gave his account of the siege of Nanjing and his subsequent escape. - Thank you for your support! Rebellion, many of these uprisings incorporated new ideas alongside WebTaiping Rebellion, (185064) Large-scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty and the presence of foreigners in China.