specimen collection, preservation and transportation ppt
WebSPECIMEN COLLECTION, HANDLING, and TRANSPORT Purpose Laboratory testing provides information about a patient's health to assist Physicians in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Recently purchased by the Land Trust for Santa Barbara County, the property is known for its significant nurses often assume the responsibility of specimen collection. Any important safety precautions should be explained. Some bacteria are enclosed within a capsule. WebINTORDUCTION: Specimen collection and transportation are critical considerations , because any results the laboratory generates is limited by the quality of the specimen and its condition on arrival in the laboratory. 4. Bordetella pertussis, the cause of whooping cough, is an important member of this genus. 4. Cultures of Salmonella typhimurium on tryptone glucose agar (left) and on MacConkey agar (right). COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT PowerPoint PPT presentation, Virology Specimen Collection MarketReport 2022- Market Size, Trends, And Global Forecast 2022-2031. 
Micrococcus luteus Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis, Performance standards for stains Quality control of stains need to be performed on weekly basis and also as and when a new lot of reagents for staining are procured. Web5-3: Collection and preservation The collection of appropriate and optimum samples is the responsibility of the laboratory, even though the actual collection process is often carr Gram-positive Bacilli The genus Bacillus The Gram-positive rods can be divided according to their ability or otherwise to produce spores. know the basic components of specimen, Phlebotomy App for Specimen Collection - Phlebio is the only software that is specifically designed for the mobile blood, Laboratory Diagnostics and Specimen Collection - . 1 0 obj
laboratory tests are important in helping to diagnose patient problems. this presentation will serve to explain proper procedure for collecting and labeling, Diagnostics and Specimen Collection - . It cannot be grown in the absence of oxygen. learning objectives. jitendra kumar pandey,mgm medical college,mumbai. RT-PCR TESTING CAN TAKE 48 -72 HOURS FROM THE TIME THE SPECIMEN IN PICKED UP BY THE LABORATORY. Encapsulated bacteria do not succumb to intracellular killing as easily as bacteria that lack capsules. Specimen Collection and Transport. Gram-positive bacteria have many layers of peptidoglycan in their cell wall; Gram-negative bacteria have only one or two peptidoglycan layers but, additionally, they have an outer membrane. dr mohammad rahbar. Miroslav Sv tek Head of Laboratory of Telematics, Recommended Procedures for Sample Collection, Preservation and Shipping. You can read the details below. Specimens should always be transported in a leak-proof container inserted in a leak-proof plastic bag. learning objectives. Any important safety precautions should be explained. Wipe off the obtained swab on the surface of the blood and make the inoculum . Ask him/her to breath in again and then cough. For example, certain antibiotics cannot penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which are intrinsically resistant to these drugs as a consequence. Wipe off the obtained swab on the surface of the blood and make the inoculum . Web1 COLLECTION OF SPECIMENS Collection of botanical material involves two activitiesgathering the specimens and recording the information. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an oxidase-positive Gram-negative bacillus that is an obligate aerobe. This entire process of taxonomic change took less than five years. Haemophilus influenzae requires both, while Haemophilus parainfluenzae requires only the 'V' factor, since it can make its own haem. Some bacteriologists consider these to resemble Chinese pictograms. sandy villar nca, ascp microbiology supervisor anmc. viral transport media in collection tubes, Specimen collection - . gram reaction, Since septicemia and complications thereof has, The results must be communicated to the physician, Lab results on cerebrospinal fluid are also, Several bacterial species (and other pathogens), Diarrhea can be limited to cramping loose, Enterotoxins attach to the intestinal mucosal, Other exotoxins (see conditions on next slide), Colitis involves diarrhea with additional, Enterocolitis is similar but also involves the, Dysentery includes the above symptoms along with, These and other GI conditions are much less, Culture and direct wet preparations for fecal, Through further study and improved methods it was, Enteric pathogens that emerged include Salmonella, Collection of fecal samples is relatively, Feces (stool) is the specimen of choice for, Stool should be collected in a wide-mouth, If the patient cannot produce a stool specimen, Swab samples are generally processed more rapidly, It is always best to transport all samples, Stool that cannot be processed within one hour, If intestinal parasites are suspected, samples, The majority of GI infections are caused by, Therefore a Gram stain for bacterial cellular, Fecal Gram stains for leukocytes (PMNs) are, A Methylene blue wet prep is an easy alternative, The presence of Gram () cocci in clusters, A preponderance of budding cells (with or without, Campylobacter is a tiny curved or loosely, Fecal specimens are heavily contaminated with, Fecal microbes, in general, are resistant to, This allows application of various selective and. specimen collection, preservation and transportation ppt Impact of Incorrect Volume on PT and APTT The APTT is the most sensitive to variations in final citrate concentration. Specimen Collection and Labeling - . Boasting an impressive range of designs, they will support your presentations with inspiring background photos or videos that support your themes, set the right mood, enhance your credibility and inspire your audiences. RT-PCR TESTING CAN TAKE 48 -72 HOURS FROM THE TIME THE SPECIMEN IN PICKED UP BY THE LABORATORY. This is the cause of pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis, as well as less serious infections. 
F. tularensis grows best in cysteine-enriched broth and thioglycollate broth. The spores are located towards the centre of the bacillus in this species and they do not cause the bacilliary body to swell. Wipe off the obtained swab on the surface of the blood and make the inoculum . 
Other Gram-negative bacilli Some Gram-negative bacilli appear so short that they resemble cocci in the light microscope. There is one -haemolytic streptococcus that must be differentiated from the others. Some, like Escherichia coli and members of the genus Klebsiella can ferment lactose to produce acid, whereas others including salmonellas, shigellas and proteeae cannot and are thus known as non-lactose fermenters (NLF's). May 2007 . These bacteria also grow best on media that contain activated charcoal. Suspected Animal Poisonings: Triage, History Taking, Decontamination, and Sample Collection, - Suspected Animal Poisonings: Triage, History Taking, Decontamination, and Sample Collection, How Warring Medical Kits Provides Valued Protection for Specimen Collection. Viral updated Transport Bags Market Report 2019 Provides by Decisiondatabases.com. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. laboratory specimen: collection. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. transport of specimens. Specimen Integrity is dependent on accurate pre-analytical processes to include patient preparation, specimen collection, handling, and transportation. day 2. diagnostic examination. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Web Healthcare providers should educate patients on proper specimen production and collection Patients should also be informed of the possible infectious nature of his or her secretions Specimens should be collected in appropriate tubes that are sterile, clear, plastic, and leak-proof (50 ml screw capped centrifuge tubes 
Specimen Collection - . Sporing bacteria of Clostridium tetani have a characteristic 'drumstick' appearance, as seen in the image on the right. specimen collection, preservation and transportation ppt. Think like a microbe. 2 0 obj
urine specimens. The used swab will be then put into the beaker with the disinfectant on the table. It takes 6-8 weeks to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis in artificial culture, and as yet Mycobacterium leprae cannot be grown in artificial culture. This is to allow the stain to penetrate the mycobacterial cells. Streptococci are classified according to their ability to break down blood in fresh blood agar plates. Streptococcus Gram stain. Campylobacters are now responsible for more cases of bacterial enteritis annually than salmonellas. These are sometimes referred to as Dderlein bacilli. WebVirology Specimen Collection Market Report 2022- Market Size, Trends, And Global Forecast 2022-2031 - TBRC global virology specimen collection market report includes blood collection kits, specimen collection tubes, viral transport media, swabs. Some lactobacilli are important members of the vaginal commensal flora of women of child-bearing age. 
Advance planning, Specimen collection Sample collection and shipping May 2007, Learning objectives At the end of the presentation, participants should understand the: Procedures, preparation, processing and transport of specimens, Successful laboratory investigations Advance planning Collection of adequate and appropriate specimens Sufficient documentation Biosafety and decontamination Correct packaging Rapid transport Choice of a laboratory that can accurately perform the tests Timely communication of results, Specimen collection: key issues Consider differential diagnoses Decide on test(s) to be conducted Decide on clinical samples to be collected to conduct these tests consultation between microbiologist, clinicians and epidemiologist, Transport medium Allows organisms (pathogens and contaminants) to survive Non-nutritive - does not allow organisms to proliferate For bacteria i.e., Cary Blair For viruses - virus transport media (VTM), Blood for smears Collection Capillary blood from finger prick make smear fix with methanol or other fixative Handling and transport Transport slides within 24 hours Do not refrigerate (can alter cell morphology), Blood for cultures Collection Venous blood infants: 0.5 2 ml children: 2 5 ml adults: 5 10 ml Requires aseptic technique Collect within 10 minutes of fever if suspect bacterial endocarditis: 3 sets of blood culture, Blood for cultures Handling and Transport Collect into bottles with infusion broth change needle to inoculate the broth Transport upright with cushion prevents hemolysis Wrap tubes with absorbent cotton Travel at ambient temperature Store at 4oC if cant reach laboratory in 24h, Serum Collection Venous blood in sterile test tube let clot for 30 minutes at ambient temperature glass better than plastic Handling Place at 4-8oC for clot retraction for at least 1-2 hours Centrifuge at 1 500 RPM for 5-10 min separates serum from the clot, Serum Transport 4-8oC if transport lasts less than 10 days Freeze at -20oC if storage for weeks or months before processing and shipment to reference laboratory Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles destroys IgM To avoid hemolysis: do not freeze unseparated blood, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Collection Lumbar puncture Sterile tubes Aseptic conditions Trained person, CSF Handling and transportation Bacteria preferably in trans-isolate medium, pre-warmed to 25-37C before inoculation OR transport at ambient temperature (relevant pathogens do not survive at low temperatures) Viruses transport at 4-8oC (if up to 48hrs or -70oC for longer duration), Stool samples Collection: Freshly passed stool samples avoid specimens from a bed pan Use sterile or clean container do not clean with disinfectant During an outbreak - collect from 10-20 patients, Rectal swabs Advantage convenient adapted to small children, debilitated patients and other situations where voided stool sample not feasible Drawbacks no macroscopic assessment possible less material available not recommended for viruses, Stool samples for viruses Timing within 48 hours of onset Sample amount 5-10 ml fresh stool from patients (and controls) Methods fresh stool unmixed with urine in clean, dry and sterile container Storage refrigerate at 4oC; do not freeze store at -15oC - for Ag detection,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Transport 4oC (do not freeze); dry ice for (Ag detection and PCR), Stool samples for bacteria Timing during active phase Sample amount and size fresh sample and two swabs from patients, controls and carriers (if indicated) Method Cary-Blair medium For Ag detection/PCR no transport medium Storage refrigerate at 4oC if testing within 48 hours, -70oC if longer; store at -15oC for Ag detection and PCR Transport 4oC (do not freeze); dry ice for Ag, PCR detection, Stool samples for parasites Timing as soon as possible after onset Sample amount and size at least 3 x 5-10 ml fresh stool from patients and controls Method mix with 10% formalin or polyvinyl chloride, 3 parts stool to 1 part preservative unpreserved samples for Ag detection and PCR Storage refrigerate at 4oC; store at -15oC for Ag detection and PCR Transport 4oC (do not freeze); dry ice for antigen detection and PCR, Throat swab (posterior pharyngeal swab) WHO/CDS/EPR/ARO/2006.1 Hold tongue away with tongue depressor Locate areas of inflammation and exudate in posterior pharynx, tonsillar region of throat behind uvula Avoid swabbing soft palate; do not touch tongue Rub area back and forth with cotton or Dacron swab, Nasopharyngeal swab Tilt head backwards Insert flexible fine-shafted polyester swab into nostril and back to nasopharynx Leave in place a few seconds Withdraw slowly; rotating motion WHO/CDS/EPR/ARO/2006.1, Naso-pharyngeal aspirate Tilt head slightly backward Instill 1-1.5 ml of VTM /sterile normal saline into one nostril Use aspiration trap Insert silicon catheter in nostril and aspirate the secretion gently by suction in each nostril WHO/CDS/EPR/ARO/2006.1, Sputum Collection Instruct patient to take a deep breath and cough up sputum directly into a wide-mouth sterile container avoid saliva or postnasal discharge 1 ml minimum volume, Respiratory samples Handling and Transport All respiratory specimens except sputum are transported in appropriate media bacteria: Amies or Stuarts transport medium viruses: viral transport medium (VTM) Transport as quickly as possible to the laboratory to reduce overgrowth by oral flora For transit periods up to 24 hours ambient temperature for bacteria 4-8C for viruses, Post-mortem samples Collection Biopsy relevant tissues place in formalin for histopathology place in transport medium for microbiological testing place in sterile saline for isolation of viral pathogens, Post-mortem samples Handling and transportation Fixed specimens can be transported at ambient temperatures transport specimens in transport media within 24h at ambient temperature transport specimens in sterile saline at 4-8oC within 48h, Water for bacteriology Preparation Chlorinated water - add sodium thiosulphate (0.5ml of 10% solution or a small crystal) Tap/ pump remove attachments wipe, clean and flame outlet allow to flow (at least one minute) Water course or reservoir - collect from a depth of at least 20 cm Dug well - do not allow the bottle to touch the sides of the well, Water for bacteriology Collection At least 200 ml of water sample from the source In sterile glass bottles OR autoclavable plastic bottles tight screw capped lid securely fitting stoppers/caps an overhanging rim, Water for bacteriology Handling and transportation Test the water sample within 3 hours of collection keep at ambient temperature If delayed: pack sample on ice test refrigerated sample within 24 hours, Food samples Collect suspect food earliest Collect aseptically - sterile tools, containers Solid Food cut 100-200 grams from centre with sterile knife raw meat or poultry - refrigerate in a sterile plastic jar Liquids shake to mix, use sterile tube water used for cooking -- 1-5 litres Contact surfaces (utensils and/or equipment) for food processing moisten swab with sterile 0.1% peptone water or buffered distilled water; put the swab in an enrichment broth, Food samples Handling and transportation As fast as possible Keep perishable food at 2-8oC Cool hot food rapidly - put containers under cold running water Pack samples to prevent spillage Contact the laboratory regarding method of transport and anticipated time of receipt Seek help from environmental/veterinary microbiologist, Labeling specimens Patients name Clinical specimen Unique ID number (Research/Outbreak) Specimen type Date, time and place of collection Name/ initials of collector, Glass slides for microscopy Label slides individually use glass marking pencil ensure markings dont interfere with staining process Each slide should bear: patient name unique identification number date of collection, Case investigation form Epidemiologist sends: Patient information age (or date of birth), sex, complete address Clinical information date of onset of symptoms, clinical and immunization history, risk factors or contact history where relevant, anti-microbial drugs taken prior to specimen collection Laboratory information acute or convalescent specimen other specimens from the same patient Line listing if large number of patients, Case investigation form Receiving laboratory records: Date and time when specimen was received Name and initials of the person receiving specimen Record of specimen quality, Biosafety: protect the patient Use single use equipment Disinfect Work in a clean, dedicated area, Biosafety: protect yourself Use personal protective equipment disposable gloves laboratory coats / gown mask protective eyewear / face shields if procedure is likely to generate aerosols If no sharps container: collect sharps immediately to prevent needle-stick injury Have first aid kit readily accessible Do not reuse contaminated equipment, Biosafety: protect others, the environment Package samples appropriately for transport Decontaminate spills - 10% bleach after wiping the surface clean Disinfect working areas for future use - 1% household bleach daily Soak contaminated non-disposable equipment/material in 1% household bleach for 5 minutes wash in soapy water before re-use, sterilize if necessary Place waste in leak-proof biohazard bags - ensure safe final management of waste Protect cleaning/decontamination personnel with protective coat, thick rubber gloves, Infection control precautions Precautions Use Requirements Contact precautions Patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment Gloves Gown Droplet precautions Barrier to stop infections spread by large (>5 microns), moist droplets produced by people when they cough, sneeze or speak Contact precautions Well-fitting mask Eye protection Airborne precautions Patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei Contact precautions Droplet precautions N95 mask Isolation room (In hospital), Criteria for rejecting samples Mismatch of information on the label and the request Inappropriate transport temperature Excessive delay in transportation Inappropriate transport medium specimen received in a fixative dry specimen sample with questionable relevance Insufficient quantity Leakage, WHO reference materials Guidelines for the collection of clinical specimens during field investigation of outbreaks, WHO, 2000 The role of laboratories and blood banks in disaster situations, WHO publication, 2001 Sampling during avian influenza investigations (2006) IDSR guidelines for specimen collection (2003) Laboratory Needs for Emergency Situations (2003) Overview of Laboratory Structure and Operational Needs for the Iraqi Crisis (2003) Costing for sampling materials and diagnostic reagents for the Iraq crisis (2003), Module 3: Sample collection and shipping Developed by the Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response of the World Health Organization with assistance from: European Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training Canadian Field Epidemiology Program Thailand Ministry of Health Institut Pasteur, 2023 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. 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